Electrophilic addition reaction

 Electrophilic addition reaction is addition of electrophile to electron poor carbon by breaking down of pi bond and forming new sigma bond.

Electrophiles are these ion or atom that have attraction toward electron rich parts. Hence, electrophiles must have to be electron deficient and positive nature ion.

The mechanism of electrophilic addition reaction are in following steps

Pi bond attacking by electrophiles and breaking down and forming a new sigma bond. This is called electrophiles attack.

Leaving group that exist in solution from that electrophiles was attached, which is negativity charged in nature is nucleophile. 

Electrophilic addition reaction follows Marconicov rule. Electrophiles will add to this carbon between two carbon with pi bond that have more hydrogen attached.

Reaction rate depends both on electrophiles and alkyle chain attached with carbon. 

HF reaction with alkene is slowly than HI

The carbon attached with more alkyle and more complicated alkyle 

Enantiomers

 Enantiomers are two optically active isomer that are mirror image of one another. 

d lactic acid and l lactic acid are both optically active isomer. Both are mirror image of one another.

Racemic mixture

Mixture of the Same amounts of two optically active isomer is called racemic mixture that shows net rotation of plane polarized light is zero.

Example, same molar mixture of d lactic acid and l lactic acid is a racemic mixture. It shows 0 net  rotation of plane polarized light.

Isomerism

 Isomerism is a property of organic compound that expresses different chemical properties of two compound having same molecular formula.

Two different molecules are called isomer of one another. 

There have Three different causes of isomerism in organic compound.

Isomerism due to different structure but same molecular formula. This types of isomerism is called structural isomerism. This types of isomerism are classified into

Chain isomerism

Position isomerism

Functional group isomerism

Metamorism

Tautomerism

Isomerism due to different orientation in there dimensional space but same molecular and structural formula. This types of isomerism is called stereo isomerism or geometric isomerism.

This types of isomer are in two class

Cis isomer

Trans isomer

Isomerism due to differently rotation of plane polarized light when it pass through the molecular solution. 

The solution that rotate plane polarized light to right direction is dextro rotatory and that rotates to left direction is laveo rotatory. This Optically active moleculeare isomer of each other. Such types of isomerism is called optical isomerism.

Two optically active molecule if mirror image of each other are enantiomers of each other. 

Same molar amount of two enantiomers forms racemic mixture.

Organic compound

 Organic compound: Compound consist with Carbon and Hydrogen. Except these element other element May exist. But Carbon and Hydrogen must to be exist.

If both two element does not exist the Compound can not be organic. Carbon dioxide is inorganic compound because there have no hydrogen. On the other hand water is not organic compound because there have no carbon.

There have two types of organic compound

Open cycle organic compound : The Compound with opened carbon carbon chain is called opened cycle organic compound.

There have two types of open cycle compound.

Saturated organic compound

Unsaturated organic compound

Closed chain organic compound : The compound with closed carbon carbon chain.

Closed cycle organic compound are in two types

Aliphatic organic compound 

Aromatic compound